E-commerce, or electronic commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods or services over the internet. It encompasses a wide range of business activities, from traditional retail shopping to digital services, online banking, auctions, and the sale of digital products like e-books, software, and online courses. E-commerce also includes subscription-based services, virtual marketplaces, and the growing trend of social commerce, where social media platforms facilitate direct shopping experiences. With advancements in technology, e-commerce continues to evolve, offering enhanced customer experiences through personalized recommendations, seamless payment options, and innovative delivery methods. This dynamic industry has revolutionized how businesses operate and how consumers shop.